Wahyu 9:3-5

9:3 Then ¹  out of the smoke came locusts onto the earth, and they were given power ²  like that of the scorpions of the earth. 9:4 They ³  were told ⁴  not to damage the grass of the earth, or any green plant or tree, but only those people ⁵  who did not have the seal of God on their ⁶  forehead. 9:5 The locusts ⁷  were not given permission ⁸  to kill ⁹  them, but only to torture ¹⁰  them ¹¹  for five months, and their torture was like that ¹²  of a scorpion when it stings a person. ¹³ 

[9:3]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[9:3]  ² tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”

[9:4]  ³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[9:4]  ⁴ tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).

[9:4]  ⁵ tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.

[9:4]  ⁶ tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).

[9:5]  ⁷ tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:5]  ⁸ tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

[9:5]  ⁹ tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).

[9:5]  ¹⁰ tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”

[9:5]  ¹¹ tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.

[9:5]  ¹² tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.

[9:5]  ¹³ tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.